Introduction to the History of Photography

Child Factory Worker Addie Card, 12 years. Spinner in North Pormal [i.e., Pownal] Cotton Mill. Vt Child laborers in glassworks. Indiana, 1908 Baseball team composed mostly of child laborers from a glassmaking factory. Indiana, August 1908. Power house mechanic working on steam pump, 1920 Lunch time and Smoke 1930-1931 negative, gelatin on diacetate film 4x5 in Small group of immigrants landing at Ellis Island 1926 gelatin silver print 11.9 x 17.1 cm. Ellis Island - 1926 gelatin silver print 11.9 x 17.0 cm.

Dorothea Lange "Migrant Mother" 1936. The woman in the photo is Florence Owens Thompson. In 1960, Lange spoke about her experience taking the photograph: I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet. I do not remember how I explained my presence or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions. I made five exposures, working closer and closer from the same direction. I did not ask her name or her history. She told me her age, that she was thirty-two. She said that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding fields, and birds that the children killed. She had just sold the tires from her car to buy food. There she sat in that lean-to tent with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my pictures might help her, and so she helped me. There was a sort of equality about it. source: Wikipedia Billboards on Highway 99, 1937 Children at the Weill public school in San Francisco pledge allegiance

The Steerage, 1907 "There were men and women and children on the lower deck of the steerage.... I longed to escape from my surroundings and join them.... A round straw hat, the funnel leaning left, the stairway leaning right.... round shapes of iron machinery... I saw a picture of shapes and underlying that, the feeling I had about life..." source: http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/stieglit.htm Portrait of Georgia O' Keefe, 1918

'Grand Prix de Circuit de la Seine', June 26th 1912

Street vendors in Rome Reception at the Quirinal Palace ( Palazzo Quirinale ), Rome, 1893 Hunting scene Photos of Degas in Paris, 1889 Link: Fondazione Primoli

Blind beggar at the cattle market, c.1890 Paul Martin British, 1864 - 1942 Platinum print 18 x 22.8cm Dancing to the organ, Lambeth, 1893 Platinum print 10 x 7.5cm The Old Empire Platinum print 17.5 x 23.5cm Southend Beach, 1905 Yarmouth sands, 1892 Link: Victoria and Albert Museum: Exploring Photography

Marey - Studies on human motion Marey - Studies on animal motion, 1880s M arey's photographic gun source: Wikipedia Marey and colleagues, a flip book experiment Links: Movements of Air Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) Photographer of Fluids Works about and by Marey Marey's Flip Book by Philipp Felsch Marey- online exhibition

source: http://www.bath.ac.uk/ncuacs/FP_Fuessl.htm Ernst Mach (1838 – 1916) was influential as a physicist and philosopher of science in the late part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century. He was one of the first to systematically investigate super-sonic motion using photographic techniques that he created in the early 1890s. The photographs of bullets in motion reveal (as shadows) the waves produced as the bullet approaches and surpasses the speed of sound. Links: Deutsches Museum E. March archive Scientific photographs of Ernst Mach online by Wilhelm Fuessl

Edgar Degas DANCER (ARMS OUTSTRETCHED) 1895 or 1896 Gelatin dry-plate negative source: http://classes.asn.csus.edu/vail/art101/degas.htm After the Bath, Woman Drying Her Back Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas French, 1896 Gelatin silver print 6 1/2 x 4 11/16 in. source: http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=47047&handle=li Edgar Degas After the Bath, Woman Drying Her Back pastel, 1896 Louise Halévy Reclining Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas French, 1895 Gelatin silver print 3 3/4 x 3 1/16 in. source: http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=61459&handle=li Links: Degas' funereal photography By Christopher Benfey Degas' Photos of Dancers by Morgan Alonso

In the mid 1800s, the documentary powers of photography were applied in systematic ways to works of art and architecture by photographers such as James Anderson, Adolphe Braun, the Alinari brothers, Roger Fenton and others. Soon, large photography enterprises developed for the publication of art reproductions. The photographer took over, not without protest initially, the market of reproductions that belonged to printmakers and painters. James Anderson (British, 1813 - 1877) Colossal bust of Antinous from the Villa Adriana, near Tivoli. James Anderson Rome, Colosseum and Arch of Costantin landscape c. 1860, Albumen print 42.2 x 21.5 cm James Anderson L'Arco di Tito [Rome] c. 1853 Wet-collodion-glass-negative 25.5 x 18.6 cm (10 x 7.5 ) James Anderson - Roman Forum James Anderson - Arch of Constantine, Rome, c. 1858 James Anderson - Venetian Palace, c. 1870s Comte Frédéric Flachéron Rome, The Ara Coeli and the Dioscuri of the Capitol 1851 Salt print from calotype 35.5 x 25